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The proposal of measurements to fulfill emission limits for boiler of power unit 210 MW
Smokoň, Pavol ; Ing.Ondřej Nechvátal (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This master‘s thesis deals with denitrification of brown coal-fired boiler of electric power plant. First chapters describe technical characteristics of the boiler and possible measurements which would lead to lowering NOx emissions. In order for boiler to meet emission standards valid from 1.1.2016 flue gas treatment by selective catalytic reduction is proposed. Main part of the thesis is thermal calculation of the boiler with modifications necessary in order to apply SCR. The aim of calculation is to determine flue gas exit temperature and temperature at catalyst area in order to assess the suitability of proposed modifications.
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Analýza očekávaných změn množství vzdušných imisí nad územím České republiky v souvislosti s COVID-19
Kotrle, Viktor
This work analyses changes in annual and monthly concentrations for 2019 and 2020 in the Czech Republic. The focus is mainly on the search for changes related to government regulations during the Covid-19 epidemic and thus the overall change in human activity. The analysis is designed in two parts, namely a statistical analysis part and a spatial analysis part over the immission model. Measurements from the stationary stations of the CHMI were used as input data.
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Macrophages and nitric oxide in leishmania - sandfly - host interactions
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Leishmania reside fagolysosome of macrophages immediately after their entry to host where they multiply and consequently infect other macrophages or eventually other cells. A synthesis of a reactive reactant of oxygen and nitrogen is one of the mechanisms that some mammal cells are equipped with and that also contributes to eradication of leishmania. Nitric oxide rising during a metabolic change of L-arginine under the catalysis of NO synthase is of a large importance. Beyond cytotoxic function, nitric oxide is involved in signalling pathways for a neurotransmission (nNOS) and vasorelaxation (eNOS). Not all types of macrophages have ability to produce NO (iNOS). It is a heterogeneous group differing in immunological function and also in physiology. A group of classical activated macrophages represents an effective APC capable of efficient killing of intracellular pathogens. In addition to NO, they also secrete an inflammatory cytokines, which evolve an immune reaction towards to Th1. Contrary to this, a group of alternative activated macrophages is not capable of any efficient antigen presentation and nitric oxide production but produces L-ornithine, which is a precursor of polyamines, which leishmania utilizes for its own intracellular growth. For the mouse model, status of resistance and/or...
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Diversity of methods used for characterization of molluscan hemocytes
Jindrová, Zuzana ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Skála, Vladimír (referee)
Hemocytes are the main immune cells of invertebrates; therefore they can be found in molluscs, too. They differ both in morphology and function. The two generally accep- ted morphological types, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, vary in the level of phagocy- tosis and encapsulation, production of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide, and presence of some enzymes. There is an array of methods by means of which hemocy- tes can be characterized. Microscopy serves particularly for study of morphology. An- tigens localized on the surface can be determined by monoclonal antibodies or lectin probes. Hemocytes can be divided on the basis of cell size and granularity using gra- dient centrifugation or flow cytometry. Production of nitrogen oxide and reactive oxy- gen species is monitored by adding appropriate substrate which changes its proper- ties after reaction with the radical. It may become fluorescent, change absorbance of the solution or form a visible precipitate. Another possibility is the use of chemilu- miniscence. The objective of hemocyte research is to explain mollusc-pathogen inter- action. 1
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Macrophages in leishmania - sand fly - host interaction
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Fialová, Anna (referee)
Sand flies (order Diptera) are vectors of Leishmania parasites (Trypanosomatida), which are inoculated into the host skin together with the vector saliva. Sand fly saliva plays the important role in the Leishmania transmission; in naive host it supresses the host immune response assisting Leishmania to establish the infection, while in repeatedly bitten host it elicits a protective immune response. The submitted thesis focuses on the effect of sand fly saliva on macrophages, the key cells in the infection control. In the first part of the thesis we established a laboratory model L. major - P. papatasi - Balb/c to describe the protective effect of saliva immunization on Leishmania infection development. Immunized mice were protected against Leishmania infection which was reflected in the ear lesion size, parasite load in the ear dermis and draining lymph nodes but also in cytokine production. On the contrary, produced lower amount of nitric oxide, while arginase activity was comparable with nonimmunized group. The IgG antibodies against saliva served as a marker of exposure to sandflies while IgG antibodies against Leishmania antigens served as a marker of infection severity. The experiments were aimed on the possibility of cross-protectivity in Balb/c mice against L. major between closely related...
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Ecophysiological relevance of extreme sensitivity of orchids to nitrates
Figura, Tomáš ; Ponert, Jan (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Many orchid species are seriously endangered at present. Reasons for their disappearing from natural habitats remain often unclear. Orchids depend on mycorrhizal symbiosis in nature, however only little is known about this symbiosis. Seeds of some species do not germinate in vitro, making their cultivation for scientific and rescue purposes impossible. We found that seed germination of one of such reluctant species, Pseudorchis albida, is strongly inhibited by nitrates even at extremely low concentrations. As this species prefers oligotrophic mountain meadows, nitrate-induced inhibition probably take place in natural conditions. Surprisingly, we found similar but slightly weaker inhibitory effect also in typical mesophillic species and even in slightly eutrophic ones. The sensitivity to nitrates correlates with trophy level of species canopy. This inhibitory effect of nitrates could be weakened by application of a range of growth regulators, including auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, and also by mycorrhizal fungi. The action of nitratereductase is essential for this inhibitory effect of nitrates. Experiments with NO donors, scavengers, and NO quantification are pointing right at NO as compound which perhaps mediates nitrate inhibitory effect. Based on these results, the nitrate inhibitory...
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Nanofiber materials simultaneously photogenerating NO and 1O2 species; Reversible NO binding on boron-containing clusters
Dolanský, Jiří ; Mosinger, Jiří (advisor) ; Klán, Petr (referee)
This project is concerned with the preparation of electrospun polystyrene (PS) nanofiber materials with covalently bonded NO-photodonor and electrostatically attached tetracationic porphyrinoid photosensitizers. These photofunctional nanofiber materials exhibit effective simultaneous photogeneration of small antibacterial NO and O2(1 ∆g) species under irradiation with daylight creating an antibacterial surface and near surrounding. NO species can be also generated just by gentle heating. Nanofiber materials were analyzed with SEM, FTIR, emission and UV/vis spectroscopy and time-resolved emission and absorption spetroscopy. The antibacterial effect was tested on Escherichia coli. The dual antibacterial action, in combination with the nanoporous character of the material that detains pathogens like bacteria on its surface, is ideal for any application where a sterile environment is neces- sary. The known bimetallic cluster system [(PMe2Ph)4Pt2B10H10] that possesses the propen- sity to reversibly bind small gaseous molecules (O2, SO2, CO) was synthesized in good yields for NO reversible binding investigation. Seven new monometallic precursors (Pt, Pd and Ni) to new bimetallic species were succesfully synthesized with the aim of future study of NO reversible binding. All new compounds were purified by...
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The role of nitric oxide during in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases
Sikora Marečková, Věra ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: The role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of nitric oxide on the formation and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Another objective was to determinate, whether NO affects by its impact processes involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Methods: The thesis is prepared in the form of research, drawing from available relevant resources. Results: Nitric oxide is widely applied in the pathophysiology of selected neurodegenerative diseases, either directly or through other reactive nitrogen and oxygen. It also affects other factors that are involved in apoptosis in the CNS. Keywords: Nitric oxide, NMDA receptors, neurodegenerative diseases, excitotoxicity, apoptosis
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The role of nitric oxide (NO) during Xenopus laevis embryonic epidermis development
Tománková, Silvie ; Šindelka, Radek (advisor) ; Krylov, Vladimír (referee) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
Nitric oxide (NO) is an interesting molecule, which is involved in many important biological processes such as vasodilatation, neurotransmission, immune response and cell proliferation. This work presents the crucial role of NO during the Xenopus laevis embryonic epidermis development. The outer layer of the embryonic epidermis is composed of 4 cell types (small secretory cells, multi-ciliated cells, ionocytes and goblet cells). Embryonic epidermis composition reflects specialized epithelia such as a respiratory epithelium of mammals. Therefore, Xenopus embryonic epidermis has become a suitable model for the study of human mucosal and mucociliary epithelium and their defects. I found that NO is mainly produced in ionocytes and multi-ciliated cells by using molecular and immunohistochemical approaches. The study of molecular and cellular phenotype changes in embryos with inhibited NO production revealed the necessity of this molecule for correct formation and function of the mucociliary epithelium. NO inhibition caused reduction of specialized epidermal cell types (small secretory cells, ionocytes and multi-ciliated cells) and structural changes in multi-ciliated cells. I also showed that NO affects the development of the embryonic epidermis through the sGC-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, probably by...
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Myocardial tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury - possible protective mechanisms
Alánová, Petra ; Neckář, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee) ; Vaněčková, Ivana (referee)
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The effects of ischemic heart disease are usually attributable to the detrimental effects of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of the thesis was to contribute to current effort to clarify the basis of mechanisms that could save the heart from I/R injury. The whole thesis is based on four studies; while the first three are published, the fourth one has been under revision. In the first study, we proved the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the cardioprotective mechanism of chronic hypoxia (CH). We described that exogenously increased availability of NO as well as inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 led to increased myocardial tolerance of normoxic and chronically hypoxic rats. The effects of both interventions were not additive, suggesting that NO is included in cardioprotective signaling of CH. Second study continued in investigating molecular mechanisms underlying cardioprotection induced by CH. We showed that infarct size-limiting effect of adaptation to CH was accompanied by increased myocardial concentration of tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and TNF-α receptor R2. In the third study, we examined the effect of dexrazoxane (DEX), the only clinically approved drug against...
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